The stages of Dick and Carey's model of instructional design and elaborate the summarized

 

 The stages of Dick and Carey's model of instructional design and elaborate the summarized

Dick and Carey's instructional design model is the best practices of instructional design in learning part. When designing instruction, it is imperative to promote good design for learning. High-quality instructional design that promoted learning possesses.  It is a systematic and comprehensive approach to designing effective instruction. These model following are the major nine stages that are organized into three phases: analysis, design, and development. The nine stages of the model are as follows:

Phase 1: Analysis

1.     Identify instructional goals: In this stage, we have to analysis of the learners. It has to be based on the students and content of subject. In this stages including some of factors: learner, what the learner will be able to do performance, the performance context in which the skills will be applied and tool that will be available to the learners in the preformation context. The instructional designer identifies the overall goal of the instruction.

2.     Conduct instructional analysis: In this stage, the instructional designer identifies the skills, educational background, age, knowledge, motivation, learning styles and attitudes of the learners. That learners need to acquire in order to achieve the instructional goals.

3.     Analyze learners and contexts: In this stage, the instructional designer gathers information about the learners and the contexts in which they will be learning. That mean it involves analysis the instructional problems, to know about target population while  analysis the target population is to group of learners that we are try to reach.  

Phase 2: Design

4. Write performance objectives: In this stage identify of the learner's will be able to do at the end of instruction the instructional. Designer writes clear, specific, and measurable objectives that describe what the learners will be able to do after completing the instruction. Performance objectives will be included basically three parts: conditional, behavior, criteria.

5.     Develop assessment instruments: In this stage, we should be some of main points that are: which is the assessment is appropriate, time bounded, learner response.  The instructional designer creates assessment instruments that will measure whether or not the learners have achieved the objectives.

6.     Develop instructional strategy: In this stage, is the techquenical process to the make of strategy for analysis of SWOT factors it is depends up on the learner willing abilities what is learned and expend upon it as necessary .the instructional designer determines the most effective instructional strategies to achieve the objectives.

Phase 3: Development

7. Develop instructional materials: The content is the most important tools for       teaching and learning for developing instructional design.  In this stage, the instructional designer creates the instructional materials, such as lesson plans, handouts, and multimedia presentations (audio and video).

8.     Implement instruction: In this stage, the instructional designer delivers the instruction to the learners. That means real performance of organizational goal objective following action plan and moving all learning materials.

9.     Evaluate instruction: In this stage, the instructional designer assesses the effectiveness of the instruction and makes revisions as needed. It stage evaluated based on organizational structure, action plan, available of materials, use technology for measurement of full filling of objectives. basically two types of evaluation formative and summative evaluation

 Reference:  1." Instructional Design Using the Dick and Carey Systems Approach1" Rigo Chaparro, Margaret Reaves, Carla B. Jagger, and J. C. Bunch2

Hari Prasad Tharu

NOU Roll no. 781214015

1 yr Bedps

 

ADDIE Model of instructional design

 

ADDIE Model of instructional design

The instructional design's is the necessary part of teaching learning activities. One of the model is ADDIE, It is famous model in instructional design. It model can be traced back to as early as the 1950s. But it wasn’t until 1975 that ADDIE was designed. Originally developed for the U.S. Army by the Centre for Educational Technology at Florida State University, ADDIE was later implemented across all branches of the U.S. Armed Forces. ADDIE model improved from ID model, it is the following 5 steps are as Analysis, Design, Development, implementation and Evaluation.

1.   Analysis: it is phase of consider to goal getting step on learning skills way. It to be focused the designer in this phase is on the target audience. This steps including information, identification, decision making, content, objective, delivered methods and available resource. It is also define as what is the typical background of the students/participants who will undergo the program? What do the students need to accomplish at the end of the program? What are the learner’s needs? What will be required in terms of skills, intelligence, outlook and physical/psychological action-reaction? 

2. Design:  In this steps all content sequences and storyboard it can be determines all goals, tools to be used to gauge performance, various tests, subject matter analysis, planning and resources. It is called blueprint of the training program.
3.  Development: In this steps are created and recorded different Martials and videos, review documentation and feedback to given designers. It phase the actual learning Martials are created and essential to ensure that the Martials are effective, engaging and aligned with the learning objectives. In this stage, designers make use of the data collected from the two previous stages, and use this information to create a program that will relay what needs to be taught to participants.
4. Implementation: it is accessed and delivered phase of planning and determined goals and objectives. It stage reflects the continuous modification of the program to make sure maximum efficiency and positive results are obtained. Much of the real work is done here as IDs and students work hand in hand to train on new tools, so that the design can be continuously evaluated for further improvement.

5.      Evaluation: It is last stage of ADDIE model evaluation it mean categories that will be established to evaluate the effectiveness of the project (i.e. improved learning, increased motivation etc.) When will the data related to the project’s overall effectiveness be collected and how? Determine the method by which you can analyze and grade the response of the participants on the project. Determine who gets to receive your final output regarding the project. Who will prepare this report on the results of the evaluation? Basically evaluation are two types first formative assessment is recognized barriers, avoid,reapeting mistake ,response challenge and make correction  and second summative assessment is focused on the process of analysis , design, development ,implementation. it types of evaluation is done at the end for report of the programs.

A Model for Effective Online Instructional Design

 

A Model for Effective Online Instructional Design

 Li-Ling Chen California State University at East Bay, USA 

Importance

Ø To facilitated the development and delivery of online learning

Ø To remove the confusion  to increase the focus  by the increasing there interest

Ø To decreased stress

Ø To make them learned where to start, what to do? When to communicate? How to learn?

Ø An effective ISD model benefits both instructors and learners

Ø To helps to lead learners to focus on a topic quickly and to remove distractions, yet it still allows learners to take control of their learning

Ø TO helps instructors to organize content , to sequence instruction

Ø To promote engaging, meaningful, and active learning.

Ø  To propose a stand-alone online ID model, particularly relevant for online course development with the consideration of learning theories and pedagogical philosophy.

Ø The current five ISD models or standards that are mostly cited and applied for designing and developing an online or a hybrid class.

 

Instruction design also called instructional systematic design which is practice of creating instructional experience which make Instructional design (ID) also called instructional systematic design (ISD) is “the practice of creating instructional experiences which make the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective, and appealing

An effective ISD model benefits both instructors and learners

A.    Historical model

1.     ADDIE model : Its advantages include: providing structured guidance for design, serving as a valuable checklist to ensure a solid course design, and including a great focus on implementation and evaluate on disadvantages of ADDIE include 
not being broad enough in the design process; the model is too linear and not 
flexible; and it does not encourage inspiration For the effective delivery of online learning environments a strong instructional design is needed

2.     Dick, Carey, and Carey’s ISD model is more specific and 
rigid to each instructional step their model 
focuses on real-world settings, considers learners needs, assesses learners’ prior knowledge levels, and integrates learning and performance context into the design

 

 B. Online instruction e-learning design: online instruction or eLearning has just started in early 1990’s. There are few online instructional design models.

They are: (1) Alonso, Lopez, Manrique, and Vines’ E-Learning instructional model :- proposed a web-based e-learning education model with a blended learning approach [1]. “a psychopedagogical instructional model based on content structure, the latest research into information processing psychology and social contructivism, and define a blended approach to the learning process” (p. 217). there are seven main steps: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Execution, Evaluation, and Review 

(2) the Instructional Design Model for Online Learning (IDOL) : IDOL model, designed and proposed by Siragusa, Dixon, and Dixon. main steps: analysis, strategy, and evaluation, It presents 24 pedagogical considerations when designing an online learning, 

 (3) Roblyer’s online and blended learning design theory, . ; Roblyer’s instructional design model was proposed in his book, entitled “Introduction to Systematic Instructional Design for Traditional, Online, and Blended Environments” published in 2015, he proposes how to organize traditional, online, and blended learning environments, it is not an online instructional design model but just suggestions and considerations

(4) The online instruction rubric by Quality Online Learning and Teaching (QOLT) :a The rubric for online instruction by QOLT was first released in 2010,It is a state-wide program developed by the California State University System, it  serves as a means for supporting in developing online instruction. The rubric can be used for designing online learning in two ways: “1. as a course "self-evaluation" tool 2. As a way to design a new course for the online environment, following the rubric as a road map.

 

 (5) Quality Matters (QM) :  Quality Matters Publisher Rubric [8] was created by Quality Matters (QM), There are two sets of rubric: one for higher education and the other one for K-12 education Like QOLT rubric, the actual delivery, implementation, and assessment of an online instruction are not addressed

C. A pedagogically effective model for online instructional design:  Based on the literature review. There are five main principles or steps in the model: Identify, Choose, Create, Engage, and Evaluate.

Step 1: Identify: hybrid course, identifying a course format becomes essential in the initial process when designing an online course

Step 2: Choose.

Step 3: Create.

Step 4: Engage.

Step 5: Evaluate.

 Group 1 work

Hari pd Tharu

Jharna shahi

Dilli Raj Khanal

Hira sing Tharu